Install Tomcat 9
The Apache Software Foundation has released yet another product, Apache Tomcat. It is a free and open-source Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages (JSP) implementation.
Table of Contents
The Java-based web application is hosted by Tomcat, a web server. The Apache Tomcat team has released Tomcat 9. This guide will show you how to install Tomcat 9 on Ubuntu 19.10, 18.04 LTS, and 16.04 LTS.
Step 1: Verify/Install Java
Before you can install Apache Tomcat on a Linux VPS, you must first install Java. To run Tomcat 9, you will need Java 8 or later. You should double-check that the correct version of Java is installed.
java -version
java version "11.0.2" 2019-01-15 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.2+9-LTS)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.2+9-LTS, mixed mode)
Run the commands below to fulfill requirements if you do not have Java installed or have an older version.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install default-jdk
Step 2: Download and Install Apache Tomcat 9
To get the Tomcat archive, go to the official download page or one of its mirrors. Using the commands below, download and install the Apache Tomcat 9 archive file. You should also go to the official download page to get the latest version.
wget http://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.35/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz
tar xzf apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz
sudo mv apache-tomcat-9.0.35 /usr/local/tomcat9
Step 3: Configure the Required Environment Variables
Configure the Tomcat’s required environment variables now. Set CATALINA HOME to the tomcat directory that was extracted. Set Java environment variables according to the Java version installed on your system.
echo "export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat9"" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-oracle"" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export JRE_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-oracle"" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
Step 4: Create User Accounts for Tomcat
Finally, in order to secure and access admin/manager pages, we must create user accounts. Copy the contents of the conf/tomcat-users.xml file into the and /tomcat-users> tags.
<!-- user manager can access only manager section -->
<role rolename="manager-gui" />
<user username="manager" password="_SECRET_PASSWORD_" roles="manager-gui" />
<!-- user admin can access manager and admin section both -->
<role rolename="admin-gui" />
<user username="admin" password="_SECRET_PASSWORD_" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui" />
Step 5: Enable Remote IP Host/Manager
Only localhost is allowed to access the default manager and host-manager web pages. You must enable the IP or IP range in the application-specific context.xml file to access these pages from a remote system.
Manager File: ./webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
Host Manager File: ./webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
Edit the above files and replace your IP address like the one seen in the screenshot. Restart Tomcat after you have made the changes.
Step 6: Start Tomcat 9 Service
Tomcat is very simple to use; there is no need to compile its source. Simply unpack the archive and launch the Tomcat server. Tomcat starts on port 8080 by chance, so make sure no other applications are using the same port.
cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat9
chmod +x ./bin/startup.sh
./bin/startup.sh
Output
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat9
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat9
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat9/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-oracle
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
Step 7: Access Tomcat 9 in Browser
The default port for the Tomcat server is 8080. Connect your server to port 8080 in your web browser to use Tomcat.
Tomcat Home– This is Tomcat 9’s default home page. This page does not need authentication to access.
http://localhost:8080
To access the Manager App, go to the home page and click the Manager App link. This page is open to both administrators and managers.
http://localhost:8080/manager/html
To access the Host Manager page:- On your Tomcat home page, click the Host Manager link. This page is only accessible to administrators.
http://localhost:8080/host-manager/html
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